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Seeding a database is an integral part of application development, providing an initial dataset for testing and setup. In CodeIgniter 4, seeding the database from a CSV file offers a convenient approach to populate tables with structured data.

In this tutorial, we’ll see the comprehensive process of seeding a CodeIgniter 4 database from a CSV file. This functionality empowers developers to efficiently import structured data stored in CSV format into database tables.

CodeIgniter 4 Database Seeding from JSON File Tutorial, Click here.

Throughout this tutorial, we’ll cover the process of reading data from a CSV file, parsing and formatting it for database insertion.

Let’s get started.

CodeIgniter 4 Installation

To create a CodeIgniter 4 setup run this given command into your shell or terminal. Please make sure composer should be installed.

composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter codeigniter-4

Assuming you have successfully installed application into your local system.

Environment (.env) Setup

When we install CodeIgniter 4, we will have env file at root. To use the environment variables means using variables at global scope we need to do env to .env

Either we can do via renaming file as simple as that. Also we can do by terminal command.

Open project in terminal

cp env .env

Above command will create a copy of env file to .env file. Now we are ready to use environment variables.

Enable Development Mode

CodeIgniter starts up in production mode by default. You need to make it in development mode to see any error if you are working with application.

Open .env file from root.

# CI_ENVIRONMENT = production

 // Do it to 
 
CI_ENVIRONMENT = development

Now application is in development mode.

Create Database

To create a database, either we can create via Manual tool of PhpMyadmin or by means of a mysql command.

CREATE DATABASE codeigniter4_app;

Successfully, we have created a database.

Let’s connect with the application.

Database Connection

Open .env file from project root.

Search for DATABASE. You should see the connection environment variables into it. Put your updated details of database connection string values.

 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
# DATABASE
#--------------------------------------------------------------------

database.default.hostname = localhost
database.default.database = codeigniter4_app
database.default.username = admin
database.default.password = admin
database.default.DBDriver = MySQLi
database.default.DBPrefix =
database.default.port = 3306

Now, database successfully connected with the application.

Create Migration

To create table, we will create a migration file. Open project into terminal and run this spark command.

php spark make:migration create_countries_table

It will create a file with name xxx_CreateCountriesTable.php inside /app/Database/Migrations folder.

Open migration file and write this code into it.

<?php

namespace App\Database\Migrations;

use CodeIgniter\Database\Migration;

class CreateCountriesTable extends Migration
{
	public function up()
	{
		$this->forge->addField([
			'id' => [
				'type' => 'INT',
				'constraint' => 5,
				'unsigned' => true,
				'auto_increment' => true,
			],
			'sortname' => [
				'type' => 'VARCHAR',
				'constraint' => '10',
				'null' => false
			],
			'name' => [
				'type' => 'VARCHAR',
				'constraint' => '100',
				'null' => false
			],
			'phonecode' => [
				'type' => 'VARCHAR',
				'constraint' => '100',
				'null' => false
			]
		]);
		$this->forge->addPrimaryKey('id');
        $this->forge->createTable('countries');
	}

	public function down()
	{
		$this->forge->dropTable('countries');
	}
}

Run Migration

Back to terminal and run this command to migrate it.

php spark migrate

It will create database tables.

Prepare CSV File

As we have table countries in which columns as id, name, sortname, phonecode.

We will take a CSV file in which the columns will be ID, Sortname, Name & Phonecode. Rest we need data into it.

Download CSV File – countries Table

When you will download the given file it will be in .txt format. Rename file into .csv and place this countries.csv file inside /public/data folder.

Open countries.csv file, you should see like this OR may be in comma separated values.

Create Model

To create a model, run this spark command into terminal.

php spark make:model Country --suffix

It will create CountryModel.php inside /app/Models folder.

Open file and write this complete code into it.

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use CodeIgniter\Model;

class CountryModel extends Model
{
	protected $DBGroup              = 'default';
	protected $table                = 'countries';
	protected $primaryKey           = 'id';
	protected $useAutoIncrement     = true;
	protected $insertID             = 0;
	protected $returnType           = 'array';
	protected $useSoftDelete        = false;
	protected $protectFields        = true;
	protected $allowedFields        = [
		"sortname",
		"name",
		"phonecode"
	];

	// Dates
	protected $useTimestamps        = false;
	protected $dateFormat           = 'datetime';
	protected $createdField         = 'created_at';
	protected $updatedField         = 'updated_at';
	protected $deletedField         = 'deleted_at';

	// Validation
	protected $validationRules      = [];
	protected $validationMessages   = [];
	protected $skipValidation       = false;
	protected $cleanValidationRules = true;

	// Callbacks
	protected $allowCallbacks       = true;
	protected $beforeInsert         = [];
	protected $afterInsert          = [];
	protected $beforeUpdate         = [];
	protected $afterUpdate          = [];
	protected $beforeFind           = [];
	protected $afterFind            = [];
	protected $beforeDelete         = [];
	protected $afterDelete          = [];
}

Create Data Seeder

To create a data seeder, back to terminal and run this spark command into it.

php spark make:seeder Country --suffix

It will create a file with name CountrySeeder.php inside /app/Database/Seeds folder.

Open file and write this complete code into it.

<?php

namespace App\Database\Seeds;

use CodeIgniter\Database\Seeder;
use App\Models\CountryModel;

class CountrySeeder extends Seeder
{
	public function run()
	{
		$csvFile = fopen("data/countries.csv", "r");
        // It will automatically read file from /public/data folder.

        $firstline = true;
        while (($data = fgetcsv($csvFile, 2000, ",")) !== FALSE) {
            if (!$firstline) {
				$object = new CountryModel;
				$object->insert([
					"sortname" => $data['1'],
					"name" => $data['2'],
					"phonecode" => $data['3']
				]);
            }
            $firstline = false;
        }

        fclose($csvFile);
	}
}

Data Seeding

Open project into terminal and run this spark command,

php spark db:seed CountrySeeder

It will seed countries data into table. CountrySeeder is the seeder name.

That’s it.

We hope this article helped you to learn about CodeIgniter 4 Database Seeding from CSV File Tutorial in a very detailed way.

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