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Middleware are just like the filter funnel which filters the HTTP request inside any application. Any request before enter into application must needs to pass through the barrier of middleware which application contains.

Middlewares basically used to filter the authenticated request in application. By the help of which we can detect which route is valid or invalid. Apart from this, we have several other examples.

In laravel we have three types of middlewares –

Global Middleware
Group Middleware
Route Middleware

Inside this article, we will see the concept of Group Middleware in Laravel 9.

Learn More –

Let’s get started.

Laravel Installation

Open terminal and run this command to create a laravel project.

composer create-project laravel/laravel myblog

It will create a project folder with name myblog inside your local system.

To start the development server of laravel –

php artisan serve

URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000

Assuming laravel already installed inside your system.

What is Group Middleware?

Group middleware name itself clears that, the middleware which will be applied to a group of routes in application. All the group routes where we apply the concept of Group middleware inside application must be needs to go with filter funnel i.e middleware and then process next.

By the help of php artisan command, we create Middleware in laravel.

$ php artisan make:middleware <MiddlewareName>

Middlewares will be stored inside /app/Http/Middleware. To register middleware inside application, Kernel.php file will be used which is inside /app/Http. Kernel.php, it’s a class file which contains registration of middlewares.

Example – Group Middleware Implementation

Let’s take an example to understand the concept of group middleware inside laravel application.

Create a Middleware which checks country, when we open URL.
Example We will have 3 routes in which two routes should be protected by middleware and third one is open to access for everyone.
US, IN, AFG should be allowed inside application, they can access application routes.
UK, AUS should be restricted to use or access route.

Create a Middleware

Open project into terminal and run this artisan command.

$ php artisan make:middleware CountryCheck

It will create a file with name CountryCheck.php inside /app/Http/Middleware folder.

Open CountryCheck.php file and write this following code into it.

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class CountryCheck
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next)
    {
        if ($request->country && !in_array($request->country, array("us", "in", "afg"))) {
            return redirect("noaccess");
        }
        return $next($request);
    }
}

If request $request->country is NOT in list of these (US, IN, AFG) then it will open no access page.

Register Middleware in Application

Open Kernel.php from /app/Http. Search for $middlewareGroups and add this.

protected $middlewareGroups = [
    //...

    'apprestrict' => [ 
       \App\Http\Middleware\CountryCheck::class,
    ],
    
    //...
];

apprestrict is the name of group middleware.

Create NoAccess & Protected Routes

Open web.php from /routes and add these route into it.

//...

Route::view("noaccess", "noaccess");

Route::get("route-1", function(){ echo "<h3>Welcome To Route 1</h3>"; });

// Protected group by middleware
Route::group(["middleware" => ["apprestrict"]], function(){

   Route::get("route-2", function(){ echo "<h3>Welcome To Route 2</h3>"; });
  
   Route::get("route-3", function(){ echo "<h3>Welcome To Route 3</h3>"; });
});

//...

Next, we need to create noaccess.blade.php file.

Create NoAccess Page

Create a file called noaccess.blade.php inside /resources/views folder. Open file and write this simple code into it.

<h3>Sorry! You have no access to open this page.</h3>

Application Testing

Run this command into project terminal to start development server,

php artisan serve

Normal Routes

URL – http://127.0.0.1:8000/route-1/?country=us

*** Welcome To Route 1 ***

URL – http://127.0.0.1:8000/route-1/?country=uk

*** Welcome To Route 1 ***

Protected Routes

URL – http://127.0.0.1:8000/route-2/?country=us

*** Welcome To Route 2 ***

URL – http://127.0.0.1:8000/route-2/?country=uk

Output:

Sorry! You have no access to open this page.

We hope this article helped you to learn about Concept of Group Middleware in Laravel 9 Tutorial in a very detailed way.

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